CITY NUMBER 5 !!!! TIANJIN.....

TIANJIN

Tianjin a metropolis innothern china and one of the five national central cities of the peoples republik on china. It is governed as a direct-controlled municipality, one of four such designations, and is, thus, under direct administration of the central goverment. Tianjin borders hebei province and Beijing municipality, bounded to the east by the Bohai gulf portion of the yellow sea

As a dual-core city, Tianjin is divided into the old city and the Bihai New Sea. Binhai New Area is a new growth pole in China, and it maintains an annual growth rate of nearly 30% of the GDP. As of the end of 2010, 285 Fortune Global 500 companies have established branch offices in Binhai. It is a base of China's advanced industry, financial reform, and innovation.

In terms of urban population, it is the sixth-largest city of the People's Republic of China, and its urban land area (Binhai New Area is not included) ranks fifth in the nation after Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzou, and Shenzen. Tianjin's urban area is located along the Hai River, which connects to the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers via the Grand Canal in Tianjin. Tianjin was once home to Foreign onvenssions in the late Qing Dinasty and early Koumintang(KMT) era. The municipality incorporates the coastal region of Tanggu, home to theBinhai New SEA and the TIanjin Economic-Tecnological Development Area (TEDA).

Demographics

POPULATION SITUATION

1. Size and Distribution

Tianjin is one four cities under the direct administration of the central government and one important economic center in North China. According to 2000 population census, the total population in this city was 10.01 million. With a high concentration of industrial and social activities, Tianjin presents a great attraction to people, taking on the feature of uneven distribution of the population evident in big cities. Most of the population lives in the city proper and most of those in the city proper live in downtown districts. The population density in downtown districts is therefore relatively high. The population in coastal areas is relatively concentrated in Tanggu, Hangu and Dagang districts. The population density is higher in the plain areas than in the mountainous area and that in the high plain is greater than that in the low plain. There is a trend that the population density along the bank paralleling the flow of rivers is higher that on the bank against which rivers flow. A trend is also emerging that the population is becoming concentrated in areas along rivers.

2. Population History

Since the foundation of the People's Republic, the administrative layout of Tianjin went through several changes. Hence, changes in the total population have presented some difficulty with regard to measuring the actual change in the total population. The change in Tianjin's total population shows a general trend of steady growth in absolute numbers and of relative increase. The changes follow three stages: the first stage (1949-1964) saw the rapid growth of the total population by 3.03% each year; the second stage (1965-1979) witnessed the slow growth of the total population at the annual rate of 1.06%, and in the third stage (1980 to the present) the population is growing steadily. From 1980 to 1990, the annual growth rate was 1.27%. Since 1990, the annual growth rate has been lower than 0.8%.The population situation maintains a positive trend in that it grows at a steady and slow speed.

3. Population Structure by Sex and Age

The general sex ratio of the Tianjin population has always been around 100:102. The sex ratio does not change much and the ratio value is small, ranking low among the 30 provinces of the country. The sex ratio was 103.99 on 2000 population census. According to 2000 population census, in the current 10.01 million population, the 0-14 age group numbers 1.68 million, accounting for 17.65% of the total population; the 15-64 age group numbers 7.50 million, accounting for 74.93% and the 65 and above group numbers 0.83 million, constituting 8.33% of the total population.

4. Fertility Level and Changes

Tianjin is one of the cities that has been implementing a population program from an earlier time than others. During the period between the mid 1960s when family planning was advocated and the end of the 1980s, population development has been progressing well on a planned track. With the unique environment enjoyed by the big city, the total fertility rate of couples in Tianjin has declined very rapidly. Since 1989, reproduction has been relatively steady and at a low level. The fluctuating trend in total fertility has been characterized by a low level and a high imbalance between districts.

The birth rate of the Tianjin population has been on the decrease since 1993 and reached a record low in 1997. The main reasons are 1) the decrease in women's fertility year after year and 2) the achievements made by the family planning program. In 2000, CBR was 7.72 per 1,000 and rate of natural increase was 1.55 per 1,000.

5. Mortality and Life Expectancy

In the 1980s, the number of those who died in Tianjin was 454,600, which is 1,200 fewer than the number who died in the 1970s. The mortality rate in Tianjin has been steady at 0.6%. In 2000, CDR was 6.17 per 1,000. Since 1993, a rising trend has appeared due in large part to the aging of the population, with more people entering into the old age group each year.

The regularly compiled statistics show that over the 10 years in the decade of the 1980s, life expectancy in Tianjin has improved considerably. The average life expectancy at birth has increased from 70.70 years in 1980 to 74.44 years in 1991.

6. Marriage Status, Family Size and Type

A sample survey in 1997 on population change showed the following changes in the marital status of the Tianjin population: an increase in the proportion unmarried, a decrease in the proportion without spouses, and a slight increase in the population divorced and widowed.

In 1997, of the 7,744,000 person in the 15 and above age group, the male population was 3,818,000 and the female 3,926,000. Unmarried men numbered 671,000 and unmarried women 538,000. Men in their first marriage having spouses totaled 2,918,000 and women 2,989,000. The number of men not in their first marriage having spouses was 61,000 and women 56,000. There were 41,000 divorced men and 26,000 divorced women. Widowed men totaled 127,000 and widowed women 317,000.

7. Aging of the Population

With the decrease in fertility and natural population growth rates, aging of the population has been gradually increasing. According to residential records, the population 65 and above rose by a net 17,200 from 760,800 in 1996 to 778,000 in 1997, up 2.26%. The figure in 1997 was 185,900 higher than that of 1990, an increase of 31.40%. The percentage of those 65 and above accounts for 8.65% of the total population, 0.18% and 1.81% higher respectively than that in 1996 and 1997. The ratio between the elderly (65 and above) and the young (14 and below) rose from 43.36% in 1996 to 46.63%. The rise in this ratio shows that the number of the elderly to be supported is becoming bigger, leading to an increase in the elderly dependence coefficient from 11.76% in 1996 to 11.88%. The mean age of the population went up from 34.18 years 1996 to 34.87.

8. Population Quality

With the development of education and the change in the population age structure, the education level of the population is improving. According to the 1997 sample survey on changes in the population, the educated population six years and older accounted for 85.38% of the total population, 5.75% and 0.91% higher than the figure obtained from the fourth census in 1990 and that from the sample survey in 1996 respectively. This figure is 94.49% on 2000 population census and the illiterate rate was 4.93%, 4.00% lower than the figure on 1990 population census. Those figures show that the overall education of the total population has improved.

9. Migration and the Floating Population

Residential statistics show that both the outflow and inflow of the migrating population in 1997 increased to a different extent over those of 1996. On balance, there was a net inflow of 10,500 migrants. A decrease of 45.08% occurred compared with the net annual inflow of 19,300 migrants during the "Eighth Five Years", indicating that with the development of the market economy, the migration of permanent residents increased and that the gap between the outflow and the inflow of migrants is narrowing. By district, the migration features in Tianjin are as follows: 1) The bulk of both the outflowing and inflowing migration takes place in the downtown districts; 2) Other districts rank second in terms of the net inflow of migrants and 3) Binhai District and another five suburban counties experienced a net outflow of migrants.

Since the 1980s, the scale of migration has been expanding considerably characterized by the rapid growth rate, the large percentage of economically active migrants and the long period of residence. The inflow of migrants constitutes one-tenth of the total population of Tianjin.

10. Population, Resources and the Environment

Tianjin is not rich in land, water or mineral resources. The rapid growth of the population has worsened the relative lack of resources in Tianjin. It is one of China's heavily polluted areas. In recent years, however, some progress has been made in the protection of environment and environmental quality has been maintained. In the 1997 appraisal of 37 cities with regard to the comprehensive management of the city environment, Tianjin was appraised once again as one of "the ten best".

Historical populations
Year	Pop.	±%
1953	2,693,831	—
1982	7,764,141	+188.2%
1990	8,785,402	+13.2%
2000	9,848,731	+12.1%
2010	12,938,224	+31.4%
Population size may be affected by changes on administrative divisions.

At the end of 2009, the population of Tianjin Municipality was 12.28 million, of which 9.8 million were residential holders of Tianjin hukou (permanent residence). Among Tianjin permanent residents, 5.99 million were urban, and 3.81 million were rural. The population will grow to 14 million. (out of which 11,5 million will be urban population)^[12]

The majority of Tianjin residents are Han Chinese. There are also 51 out of the 55 minor Chinese ethnic groups living in Tianjin. Major minorities include Hui, Koreans, Manchus, andMongols.;/o:p>

 Tianjin Population

The following data is valid at the end of 2007 and is based on some official news release and the statistics by Tianjin Municipal Bureau of Statistics from a sample of 290 thousand Tianjin residents which is about 1.89% of the total population of Tianjin. Among the current population in Tianjin, there were about 20,000 expats working and living in Tianjin by September, 2007, according to Tianjin Public Security Bureau. 

Current Population of Tianjin	11.15Million
Permanent Residents	9.59Million
Non-permanent Residents	1.56Million
Population Density	979.5per square kilometer
Age Structure
0-14 years	12.61%
15-64 years	77.75％
65 years and over	9.64%
Population growth rate	2.05‰
Birth rate	7.91‰
Death rate	5.86‰
Population by sex
Female	50.98%
Male	49.02%
Sex ratio	103.99 (Male to female)
Infant mortality rate
Total	5.33‰
Male	N/A
Female	N/A
Life expectancy at birth
Total population	* 79.39 years
Male	78.08 years
Female	80.75 years
Nationality
Han Chinese	97.36%
Ethnic groups	2.64%
Literacy (age 15 and over can read and write)
Total population	N/A
Male	N/A
Female	N/A